Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /data/www.zhuangjiba.com/web/e/data/tmp/tempnews1.php on line 152 U盘装系统相关术语介绍
- 分类:win8 发布时间: Warning: Use of undefined constant newstime - assumed 'newstime' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /data/www.zhuangjiba.com/web/e/data/tmp/tempnews1.php on line 156 2013年04月01日 00:00:00
【U盘装系统】对于刚接触U盘装系统的朋友来说,众多的专业名词相信会然大家觉得很陌生。今天装机吧(www.zhaungjiba.com)的小编就来给大家普及一下关于用u盘装系统专业术语的知识吧。
BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)
基本输入输出系统,全称是ROM-BIOS,是只读存储器基本输入/输出系统的简写,它实际是一组被固化到电脑中,为电脑提供最低级最直接的硬件控制的程序(BIOS设置详细教程:http://www.kkzj.com/)。
CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
本意是指互补金属氧化物半导体,一种大规模应用于集成电路芯片制造的原料,在计算机领域,CMOS常指保存计算机基本启动信息(如日期、时间、启动设置等)的芯片。
CMOS 的功耗很低,计算机主板上一个纽扣电池就可以给它长时间地提供电力,即使系统掉电,信息也不会丢失。而当主板电池供电不足时CMOS的信息会丢失,此时启动机器会有一些特殊的现象,如启动时提示 CMOS 参数丢失需重新设置,甚至机器黑屏,不能启动,更换主板上的纽扣电池即恢复正常。
有时人们会把CMOS和BIOS混称,其实CMOS是主板上的一块可读写的RAM芯片,是用来保存BIOS的硬件配置和用户对某些参数的设定。而对CMOS中各项参数的设定要通过专门的程序,现在多数厂家将CMOS设置程序做到了BIOS芯片中,在开机时通过按下某个特定键就可进入CMOS设置程序而非常方便地对系统进行设置,因此这种CMOS设置又通常被叫做BIOS设置。
EFI(Extensible Firmware Interface 或EFI)
可扩展固件接口(英文名Extensible Firmware Interface 或EFI)是由英特尔,一个主导个人电脑技术研发的公司推出的一种在未来的类PC的电脑系统中替代BIOS的升级方案。BIOS技术的兴起源于IBM PC/AT机器的流行以及第一台由康柏公司研制生产的“克隆”PC。在PC启动的过程中,BIOS担负着初始化硬件,检测硬件功能,以及引导操作系统的责任,在早期,BIOS还提供一套运行时的服务程序给操作系统及应用程序使用。BIOS程序存放于一个掉电后内容不会丢失的只读存储器中,系统加电时处理器的第一条指令的地址会被定位到BIOS的存储器中,便于使初始化程序得到执行。
ESCD(Extended System Configuration Data)
扩展系统配置数据,ESCD是系统BIOS用来与操作系统交换硬件配置信息的一种手段,这些数据被存放在CMO(一小块特殊的RAM,由主板上的电池来供电)之中,通常ESCD数据只在系统硬件配置发生改变后才会更新。
扇区(Sector)
硬盘划分的最小单位,一个扇区固定为 512 个字节(Byte)。
MBR(master boot record)
即主引导记录,有时也称主引导扇区。位于整个硬盘的 0 扇区(硬盘的 0~62 即前 63 个扇区为保留扇区,目前只有 MBR 占用其中的第一个或前几个扇区),可以看作是硬盘的第一个扇区,通常只占用这一个扇区,如 XP 的 MBR,grub4dos占用 0~17 共 18 个扇区。
GPT (GUID Partition Table)
全局唯一标识分区表是基于 Itanium 计算机中的可扩展固件接口 (EFI) 使用的磁盘分区架构。GPT是一种新型的分区模式,比传统的MBR模式更加稳定,并且没有限制分区数量,但Windows系统最多可以仅支持128个GPT分区。GPT可管理18EB大小的硬盘,不过NTFS格式最大仅支持256TB。XP模式的系统是无法对GPT分区模式:http://www.kkzj.com/的磁盘进行识别的,win7、win8的系统虽然可以任意进行读写,但无法在其上面任意安装操作系统,只有用新型的EFI主板才能进行安装。
DBR(DOS boot record)
即操作系统引导记录区,也称分区的主启动代码,位于分区的第 0 扇区,通常只占用这一个扇区,特殊情况也要占用其它保留扇区,而 grub4dos 如果是写入硬盘 MBR 方式则不修改也不使用 DBR,以 H 结尾或以 0x 开头的数字表示该数字为十六进制数。
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