Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /data/www.zhuangjiba.com/web/e/data/tmp/tempnews1.php on line 152 linux重启命令,详细教您linux重启命令是什么
- 分类:win8 发布时间: Warning: Use of undefined constant newstime - assumed 'newstime' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /data/www.zhuangjiba.com/web/e/data/tmp/tempnews1.php on line 156 2018年04月08日 11:00:07
Linux可安装在各种计算机硬件设备中,从手机、平板电脑、路由器和视频游戏控制台,到台式计算机、大型机和超级计算机。使用的用户还是有不少的,那么linux重启命令是什么?下面,小编就来跟大家讲解linux重启命令。
Liux是一套免费使用和自由传播的类Uix操作系统,是一个基于POSIX和UNIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统。那么linux关机命令是什么?不知道的新用户还是有不少的,下面,小编就来跟大家聊聊linux重启命令了。
linux重启命令是什么
一、Linux 的五个重启命令
1、shutdown
2、poweroff
3、init
4、reboot
5、halt
系统电脑图解-1
二、五个重启命令的具体说明
shutdown
reboot
在linux下一些常用的关机/重启命令有shutdown、halt、reboot、及init,它们都可以达到重启系统的目的,但每个命令的内部工作过程是不同的,通过本文的介绍,希望你可以更加灵活的运用各种关机命令。
linux电脑图解-2
1.shutdown
shutdown命令安全地将系统关机。 有些用户会使用直接断掉电源的方式来关闭linux,这是十分危险的。因为linux与windows不同,其后台运行着许多进程,所以强制关机可能会导致进程的数据丢失﹐使系统处于不稳定的状态﹐甚至在有的系统中会损坏硬件设备。而在系统关机前使用shutdown命令﹐系统管理员会通知所有登录的用户系统将要关闭。并且login指令会被冻结﹐即新的用户不能再登录。直接关机或者延迟一定的时间才关机都是可能的﹐还可能重启。这是由所有进程〔process〕都会收到系统所送达的信号〔signal〕
决定的。这让像vi之类的程序有时间储存目前正在编辑的文档﹐而像处理邮件〔mail〕和新闻〔news〕的程序则可以正常地离开等等。
系统电脑图解-3
shutdown执行它的工作是送信号〔signal〕给init程序﹐要求它改变runlevel。
Runlevel 0被用来停机〔halt〕﹐runlevel 6是用来重新激活〔reboot〕系统﹐而runlevel 1则是被用来让系统进入管理工作可以进行的状态﹔这是预设的﹐假定没有-h也没有-r参数给shutdown。要想了解在停机〔halt〕或者重新开机〔reboot〕过程中做了哪些动作﹐你可以在这个文件/etc/inittab里看到这些runlevels相关的资料。
shutdown 参数说明:
[-t] 在改变到其它runlevel之前﹐告诉init多久以后关机。
重启电脑图解-4
[-r] 重启计算器。
[-k] 并不真正关机﹐只是送警告信号给
每位登录者〔login〕。
[-h] 关机后关闭电源〔halt〕。
[-n] 不用init﹐而是自己来关机。不鼓励使用这个选项﹐而且该选项所产生的后果往往不总是你所预期得到的。
[-c] cancel current process取消目前正在执行的关机程序。所以这个选项当然没有时间参数﹐但是可以输入一个用来解释的讯息﹐而这信息将会送到每位使用者。
[-f] 在重启计算器〔reboot〕时忽略fsck。
[-F] 在重启计算器〔reboot〕时强迫fsck。
[-time] 设定关机〔shutdown〕前的时间。
2.halt----最简单的关机命令
系统电脑图解-5
其实halt就是调用shutdown -h。halt执行时﹐杀死应用进程﹐执行sync系统调用﹐文件系统写操作完成后就会停止内核。
参数说明:
[-n] 防止sync系统调用﹐它用在用fsck修补根分区之后﹐以阻止内核用老版本的超级块〔superblock〕覆盖修补过的超级块。
[-w] 并不是真正的重启或关机﹐只是写
wtmp〔/var/log/wtmp〕纪录。
[-d] 不写wtmp纪录〔已包含在选项[-n]中〕。
linux电脑图解-6
[-f] 没有调用shutdown而强制关机或重启。
[-i] 关机〔或重启〕前﹐关掉所有的网络接口。
[-p] 该选项为缺省选项。就是关机时调用poweroff。
3.reboot
reboot的工作过程差不多跟halt一样﹐不过它是引发主机重启﹐而halt是关机。它 的参数与halt相差不多。
linux电脑图解-7
4.init
init是所有进程的祖先﹐它的进程号始终为1﹐所以发送TERM信号给init会终止所有的 用户进程﹑守护进程等。shutdown 就是使用这种机制。init定义了8个运行级别(runlevel), init 0为关机﹐init 1为重启。关于init可以长篇大论﹐这里就不再叙述。另外还有telinit命令可以改变init的运行级别﹐比如﹐telinit -iS可使系统进入单用户模式﹐ 并且得不到使用shutdown时的信息和等待时间。
以上就是linux重启命令了。
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