Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /data/www.zhuangjiba.com/web/e/data/tmp/tempnews1.php on line 152 操作系统常见的面试题
- 分类:硬件教程 发布时间: Warning: Use of undefined constant newstime - assumed 'newstime' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /data/www.zhuangjiba.com/web/e/data/tmp/tempnews1.php on line 156 2022年05月21日 15:22:05
如果想学习操作系统工作的朋友们,面试题目需要提前准备好哦,所以今天小编给大家整理了一些常见的面试题,下面就和小编一起来看看操作系统的常见面试题有哪些吧。
系统版本:windows10系统
品牌型号:华硕VivoBook14
操作系统面试题:
1、什么是用户态和内核态?
内核具有很?的权限,可以控制 cpu、内存、硬盘等硬件,出于权限控制的考虑,因此?多数操作系统,把内存分成了两个区域:
内核空间,这个内存空间只有内核程序可以访问;
?户空间,这个内存空间专?给应?程序使?,权限比较小;
?户空间的代码只能访问?个局部的内存空间,?内核空间的代码可以访问所有内存空间。因此,当程序使??户空间时,我们常说该程序在?户态执?,?当程序使内核空间时,程序则在内核态执?。
2、用户态和内核态是如何切换的?
应?程序如果需要进?内核空间,就需要通过系统调?,来进入内核态:
内核程序执?在内核态,?户程序执?在?户态。当应?程序使?系统调?时,会产??个中断。发?中断后, CPU 会中断当前在执?的?户程序,转?跳转到中断处理程序,也就是开始执?内核程序。内核处理完后,主动触发中断,把 CPU 执?权限交回给?户程序,回到?户态继续?作。
3、并行和并发有什么区别?
并发就是在一段时间内,多个任务都会被处理;但在某一时刻,只有一个任务在执行。单核处理器做到的并发,其实是利用时间片的轮转,例如有两个进程A和B,A运行一个时间片之后,切换到B,B运行一个时间片之后又切换到A。因为切换速度足够快,所以宏观上表现为在一段时间内能同时运行多个程序。
并行就是在同一时刻,有多个任务在执行。这个需要多核处理器才能完成,在微观上就能同时执行多条指令,不同的程序被放到不同的处理器上运行,这个是物理上的多个进程同时进行。
4、什么是进程上下文切换?
对于单核单线程 CPU 而言,在某一时刻只能执行一条 CPU 指令。上下文切换 (Context Switch) 是一种将 CPU 资源从一个进程分配给另一个进程的机制。从用户角度看,计算机能够并行运行多个进程,这恰恰是操作系统通过快速上下文切换造成的结果。在切换的过程中,操作系统需要先存储当前进程的状态 (包括内存空间的指针,当前执行完的指令等等),再读入下一个进程的状态,然后执行此进程。
5、进程有哪些状态?
当一个进程开始运行时,它可能会经历下面这几种状态:
上图中各个状态的意义:
运?状态(Runing):该时刻进程占? CPU;
就绪状态(Ready):可运?,由于其他进程处于运?状态?暂时停?运?;
阻塞状态(Blocked):该进程正在等待某?事件发?(如等待输?/输出操作的完成)?暂时停?运?,这时,即使给它CPU控制权,它也?法运?;
总结
以上内容就是小编整理的操作系统面试题,有兴趣的小伙伴可以了解一下。
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